A pidgin (pronounced /ˈpɪdʒɪn/) language is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common. It is most commonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country in which they reside (but where there is no common language between the groups). Fundamentally, a pidgin is a simplified means of linguistic communication, as is constructed impromptu, or by convention, between groups of people. A pidgin is not the native language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a second language.12 A pidgin may be built from words, sounds, or body language from multiple other languages and cultures. Pidgins usually have low prestige with respect to other languages.3
Not all simplified or "broken" forms of a language (patois) are pidgins. Each pidgin has its own norms of usage which must be learned for proficiency in the pidgin.4
Contents 1 Etymology 2 Terminology 3 Common traits among pidgin languages 4 Pidgin development 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links // EtymologyThe origin of the word pidgin is uncertain. The first time pidgin appeared in print was in 1850 and there are many sources from which the word may be derived. For example:
The Chinese pronunciation of the English word business.5 English pigeon, a bird sometimes used for carrying brief written messages, especially in times prior to modern telecommunications.6 TerminologyThe word pidgin, formerly also spelled pigion,5 originally used to describe Chinese Pidgin English, was later generalized to refer to any pidgin.7 Pidgin may also be used as the specific name for local pidgins or creoles, in places where they are spoken. For example, the name of Tok Pisin derives from the English words talk pidgin. Its speakers usually refer to it simply as "pidgin" when speaking English.citation needed
The term jargon has also been used to describe pidgins, and is found in the names of some pidgins, such as Chinook Jargon. In this context, linguists today use jargon to denote a particularly rudimentary type of pidgin;8 however, this usage is rather rare, and the term jargon most often refers to the words particular to a given profession.
Pidgins may start out as or become trade languages, such as Tok Pisin. Trade languages are often full blown languages in their own right such as Swahili, Persian, or English.clarification needed Trade languages tend to be "vehicular languages", while pidgins can evolve into the vernacular.clarification needed
Common traits among pidgin languagesSince a pidgin language is a fundamentally simpler form of communication, the grammar and phonology are usually as simple as possible, and usually consist of:
Uncomplicated clausal structure (e.g., no embedded clauses, etc) Reduction or elimination of syllable codas Reduction of consonant clusters or breaking them with epenthesis Basic vowels, such as /a, e, i, o, u/ No tones, such as those found in West African and Asian languages Use of separate words to indicate tense, usually preceding the verb Use of reduplication to represent plurals, superlatives, and other parts of speech that represent the concept being increased A lack of morphophonemic variation Pidgin developmentThe creation of a pidgin usually requires:
Prolonged, regular contact between the different language communities A need to communicate between them An absence of (or absence of widespread proficiency in) a widespread, accessible interlanguageAlso, Keith Whinnom (in Hymes (1971)) suggests that pidgins need three languages to form, with one (the superstrate) being clearly dominant over the others.
It is often posited that pidgins become creole languages when a generation whose parents speak pidgin to each other teach it to their children as their first language. Creoles can then replace the existing mix of languages to become the native language of a community (such as Krio in Sierra Leone and Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea). However, not all pidgins become creole languages; a pidgin may die out before this phase would occur (e.g. the Mediterranean Lingua Franca).
Other scholars, such as Salikoko Mufwene, argue that pidgins and creoles arise independently under different circumstances, and that a pidgin need not always precede a creole nor a creole evolve from a pidgin. Pidgins, according to Mufwene, emerged among trade colonies among "users who preserved their native vernaculars for their day-to-day interactions". Creoles, meanwhile, developed in settlement colonies in which speakers of a European language, often indentured servants whose language would be far from the standard in the first place, interacted extensively with non-European slaves, absorbing certain words and features from the slaves' non-European native languages, resulting in a heavily basilectalized version of the original language. These servants and slaves would come to use the creole as an everyday vernacular, rather than merely in situations in which contact with a speaker of the superstrate was necessary.9
See also Basque-Icelandic pidgin Béarlachas Creole language Decreolization Delaware languages#Derived languages Engrish or Chinglish Hawaiian Pidgin International Sign Jamaican Creole Lingua franca List of English-based pidgins Mediterranean Lingua Franca or Sabir Mixed language Nigerian Pidgin Trading zones Notes ^ See Todd (1990:3) ^ See Thomason & Kaufman (1988:169) ^ Bakker (1994:27) ^ Bakker (1994:26) ^ a b Online Etymology Dictionary, http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pidgin ^ pidgin, Cambridge University Press, 1997 ^ Bakker (1994:25) ^ Bakker & 1994 (pp25–26) ^ "Salikoko Mufwene: "Pidgin and Creole Languages"". Humanities.uchicago.edu. http://humanities.uchicago.edu/faculty/mufwene/pidginCreoleLanguage.html. Retrieved 2010-04-24. References Bakker, Peter (1994), "Pidgins", in Jacques Arends; Pieter Muysken; Norval Smithh, Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction, John Benjamins, pp. 26–39 Hymes, Dell (1971), Pidginization and Creolization of Languages, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-07833-4 McWhorter, John (2002), The Power of Babel: The Natural History of Language, Random House Group, ISBN 0-06-052085-X Sebba, Mark (1997), Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles, MacMillan, ISBN 0-333-63024-6 Thomason, Sarah G.; Kaufman, Terrence (1988), Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-07893-4 Todd, Loreto (1990), Pidgins and Creoles, Routledge, ISBN 0415053110 External links Language Varieties Web Site Pidgin-English-Only Discussion ForumMulti-protocol instant messaging client for Windows, Linux, BSD, and other Unix systems that works with a number of messaging services including AIM, ICQ, MSN ...
www.pidgin.im
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que suporta as redes AIM ICQ Google Talk Jabber XMPP MSN Messenger Yahoo Bonjour Gadu Gadu IRC Novell GroupWise Messenger QQ Lotus Sametime SILC SIMPLE MySpaceIM e Zephyr Além de ser um comunicador universal o Pidgin conta com recursos exclusivos como a possibilidade de conversar com vários contatos ao mesmo tempo em contas diferentes E não para por aí
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pidgin n. A simplified form of speech that is usually a mixture of two or more languages, has a rudimentary grammar and vocabulary, is used for
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Powered by WP Greet Box Para todos os que utilizam o serviço de mensagens Pidgin que suporta múltiplas plataformas e protocolos a notícia será muito mais que interessante já que agora também podem usá lo
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Pidgin definition, an auxiliary language that has come into existence through the attempts by the speakers of two different languages to communicate and that i See more.
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Choose IRC in the protocol selection list Enter your nickname and irc travian org as Server Afterwards hit save Pidgin will automatically connect you to the Network In the textbox type j travian to join the main channel
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Pidgin is a graphical IM program that lets you sign on to AIM, Jabber, MSN, Yahoo!, and other IM networks. It runs on Microsoft Windows and Unixes. ...
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обмена сообщениями Pidgin поддерживает такие протоколы как MSN Messenger AIM ICQ Jabber Google Talk Yahoo и т д Набор функциональных возможностей для общения у Pidgin довольно широк Pidgin позволяет легко использовать в
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Translations of pidgin. pidgin synonyms, pidgin antonyms. Information about pidgin in the free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. pidgin english...
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