Eta (uppercase Η, lowercase η; Greek: Ητα) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 8. Letters that arose from Eta include the Latin H and the Cyrillic letter И.
In Modern Greek the letter, pronounced /ˈita/, represents a close front unrounded vowel, /i/. In Classical Greek, it represented a long open-mid front unrounded vowel, /ɛː/.
History See also: Heta (letter)The letter shape H was originally used in most Greek dialects to represent the sound /h/, a voiceless glottal fricative. In this function, it was borrowed in the 8th century BC by the Etruscan and other Old Italic alphabets, which were based on the Euboean form of the Greek alphabet. This ultimately gave rise to the Latin alphabet with its letter H.
In the East Ionic dialect, however, the sound /h/ disappeared by the sixth century BC, and the letter was re-used initially to represent a development of a long vowel /aː/, which later merged in East Ionic with /ɛː/ instead.1 In 403 BC, Athens took over the Ionian spelling system and with it the vocalic use of H (even though it still also had the /h/ sound itself at that time). This later became the standard orthography in all of Greece.
Eta (Heta) in the function of /h/ on the ostrakon of Megacles, son of Hippocrates, 487 BC. Inscription: ΜΕΓΑΚLES HIΠΠΟΚRATOS. On display in the Ancient Agora Museum in Athens, housed in the Stoa of Attalus.Other regional variants of the Greek alphabet (epichoric alphabets), in dialects that still preserved the sound /h/, employed various glyph shapes for consonantal Heta side by side with the new vocalic Eta for some time. One of them was a tack-like shape, looking like the left half of an H. This system was first used in the southern Italian colonies of Heracleia and Tarentum. When Greek orthography was codified by grammarians in the Hellenistic era, they used a diacritic symbol derived from this half-H shape to signal the presence of /h/, and added as its counterpart a reverse-shaped diacritic to denote absence of /h/. These symbols were the origin of the rough breathing and smooth breathing diacritics that became part of classical Greek orthography.2 The tack symbol has been reintroduced into modern scholarly representation of archaic Greek writing under the name of Heta.
During the time of post-classical Koiné Greek, the /ɛː/ sound represented by Eta was raised and merged with several other formerly distinct vowels. Thus in Modern Greek, Eta is pronounced [ˈita] and represents the sound /i/ (a close front unrounded vowel). It shares this function with several other letters (ι, υ) and digraphs (ει, οι), which are all pronounced alike (see iotacism).
Eta was also borrowed with the sound value of [i] into the Cyrillic alphabet, where it gave rise to the Cyrillic letter И.
SymbolSmall eta is sometimes used in place of eng (ŋ) when eng is not available, because of their similar appearance.citation needed
The upper-case letter Η is used as a symbol in:
Textual criticism, the Alexandrian text-type (from Hesychius, its once-supposed editor). Chemistry, enthalpy. H as symbol of enthalpy sometimes is said to be a Greek eta, but since enthalpy comes from ἐνθάλπος (smooth breathing and epsilon), it is more likely a Latin H for 'heat'.The lower-case letter η is used as a symbol in:
Thermodynamics, the efficiency of a Carnot heat engine. Chemistry, the hapticity, or the number of atoms of a ligand attached to one coordination site of the metal in a coordination compound. For example, an allyl group can coordinate to palladium in the η¹ mode (only one atom of a allyl group attached to palladium)or the η³ mode (3 atoms attached to palladium). Optics, the refractive index of an optical medium (although the letter n is more common). It may also refer to the electromagnetic impedance of a medium. Particle physics, to represent the η mesons. Experimental particle physics, η stands for pseudorapidity. Quantum Field Theory (physics), to represent the metric tensor. Statistics, η2 is the "partial regression coefficient". η is the symbol for the linear predictor of a generalized linear model, and can also be used to denote the median of a population. Economics, η is the elasticity. Astronomy, the seventh brightest (usually) star in a constellation. See Bayer designation. Mathematics, η-conversion, see lambda calculus Mathematics, the Dirichlet eta function, Dedekind eta function, and Weierstrass eta function. Biology, a DNA polymerase found in higher eukaryotes and implicated in Translesion Synthesis. Neural network backpropagation, η stands for the learning rate. Telecommunications Eta stands for efficiency Electronics, η stands for the ideality factor of a bipolar transistor, and has a value close to 1.000. It appears in contexts where the transistor is used as a temperature sensing device, e.g. the thermal "diode" transistor that is embedded within a computer's microprocessor. Power Electronics, η stands for the efficiency of a power supply, defined as the output power divided by the input power. Atmospheric science, η represents absolute atmospheric vorticity. Rheology, η represents the viscosity. References ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995). New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (illustrated ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 10–20. ISBN 0195083458. http://books.google.com/books?id=IeHmqKY2BqoC. ^ Nick Nicholas (2003), "Greek /h/"ETA is a low-cost account at a Bank, Credit Union, or Savings and Loan to which a Federal benefit, wage, salary or retirement payment is deposited electronically. ...
www.eta-find.gov
The armed Basque separatist group ETA, under pressure from political allies to renounce violence and weakened by the arrests of its leaders, has announced another ceasefire, suggesting it might turn to a political process in its quest...
Duro colpo all Eta Madrid 18 apr Adnkronos Dpa E stato arrestato a Perpignan in Francia Jurdan Martitegi ritenuto l attuale numero uno dell organizzazione terrorista spagnola Eta
Arrantzale eguna 2010 Bermeo 3
Historical Criticism of the Bible: Methodology or Ideology: Reflections of a Bultmannian Turned Evangelical Kregel Academic & Professional
ETA International is a worldwide organization that provides certification, support and study resources for electronics technicians
www.eta-i.org
Basque separatist group ETA has announced a ceasefire, suggesting it might turn to a political process.
Reba og Revelation modellene med en fjong bryter i metall 2 Step Air Dette er et toposisjons vandringsjustering à la Marzocchis ETA presentert her Gaffelen skal funke bra også i kort innstilling og kan kjøres både lenge og hardt uten å ødelegges Og plutselig viser dette monsteret av en gaffel seg å være
ETA a lo Rocky
ETA - Estimated Time of Arrest Miss Nyet Publishing, LLC
ETA Software. Proactive in the creation and implementation of new analysis methods and ... Providing services from Concept to Product, ETA is one of the largest and ...
www.eta.com
The Spanish government says an Eta ceasefire is "insufficient" and calls on the Basque separatist group to renounce violence forever.
a las preguntas Su ánimo no escondía la desesperanza frente al terrorismo atmósférico que con la apariencia de ser inalterable inabarcable e insondable acabamos pensando de ETA También dolorido en su propio daño por el ejercicio de malabarismo dialéctico de serpiente de ETA y de ingenuidad algo dolosa del gobierno
ETA tira de la cadena
Women and ETA: The Gender Politics of Radical Basque Nationalism Manchester University Press
The Spanish government on Monday rejected a new ceasefire announcement by the separatist group ETA and ruled out negotiations on an independent Basque homeland, ...
article.wn.com/view/2010/...
ETA, the Basque separatist group, declared a unilateral ceasefire and said it will stop carrying out armed attacks to join the democratic process.
Just then my lovely friend Eta appears with a special treasure to take to her own garden in Marin It is a pink lupine yes We are graciously greeted by horticulturist Deborah Whigham co founder and co owner of Digging Dog Nursery of which she can be extremely proud
Entrevista a Jaime Mayor Oreja en La Vuelta al Mundo en Veo7 (1b de ...
Is There a Synoptic Problem?: Rethinking the Literary Dependence of the First Three Gospels Baker Pub Group
Sinn Féin 'heavily involved' in push for Eta ceasefire, says Gerry Adams ... Eta has stopped because it cannot do anything, and also in order to rebuild itself. ...
guardian.co.uk/world/...
MADRID - BASQUE separatist group ETA declared a ceasefire on Sunday in its bloody 42-year campaign for a homeland independent of Spain, vowing to give up guns and bombs to seek a democratic solution. ETA, blamed for the deaths of 829 people in attacks on Spanish targets, said it decided several months ago that it 'will not carry out armed offensive actions.' It did not specify if the ceasefire ...
www etacarinae iag usp br plots ne3 gif Mapa para localizar eta Carinae no ceu tamanho 200 Kb http www etacarinae iag usp br plots eta mapa jpg Concepção artistica do sistema duplo de eta Carinae autor André Fonseca da Silva
Entrevista a Jaime Mayor Oreja en La Vuelta al Mundo en Veo7 (1a de ...
Agur, ETA: El adios a las armas de un militante historico (Spanish Edition) Temas de Hoy
In Spain, people give a cautious welcome to the announcement by the Basque separatist group Eta that it will cease its paramilitary campaign Link to this video ...
guardian.co.uk/world/...
BASQUE separatist group ETA declared a ceasefire yesterday in its bloody 42-year campaign for a homeland independent of Spain, vowing to give up guns and bombs to seek a democratic solution.
Epsilon Jeremy Hamil Kale Zeta Harry Zac Rahul Eta Mike Alex Cole Vermonster time DNF Ryan Hunter John Raiti Elizabeth Cheever
Jay-Z -On to the Next One (Alpha Phi Alpha)
The Basque Insurgents: ETA, 1952-1980 University of Wisconsin Press
Reformas para alejar a ETA de las instituciones El ministro de Justicia, Francisco Caamaño, señala que la ley se aplicará con rigor para asegurar ...
www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2010/
Basque separatist movement ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) Sept. 5, announced it will cease armed actions in its fight for independence, in a video.
Weibull Scale Parameter This plot demonstrates the effect of the scale parameter eta on the Weibull distribution Weibull Location Parameter This plot demonstrates the effect of the location parameter gamma on the Weibull distribution
Entrevista a Jaime Mayor Oreja en La Vuelta al Mundo en Veo7 (2 de ...
Settlement Report of the Eta District Nabu Press
"ETA hace saber que ya hace algunos meses tomó la decisión de no llevar a cabo acciones armadas ofensivas", dice la declaración difundida ayer por la banda. ...
elpais.com/articulo/opinion/
Basque separatist fighters ETA declared a ceasefire Sunday in their flagging, decades-long campaign of bombing and shooting for a homeland independent of Spain.
Intentaré explicarme todo el mundo sabe lo que hay que hacer con eta o no Desde que tengo uso de razón y de esto hace muchos años al menos eso creo se repite la misma secuencia una y otra vez Eta asesina vil y cobardemente y los políticos salen a la
Aste Nagusia / Semana grande, Bilbao 2010
Dentro de Eta: La Vida Diaria de Los Terroristas Aguilar
MADRID : Basque separatist group ETA declared a ceasefire on Sunday in its 42-year campaign for a homeland independent of Spain, vowing to give up guns and bombs for a democratic solution.
Eidikes Katastaltikes Antitromokratikes Monades motto O Tolmon Nika Who Dare Wins Eidikes Katastaltikes Antitromokratikes Monades Source Military Photos net
Monte Vida Nova "Geração de neemias"
Clinical Decision Support Systems: Theory and Practice Springer New York
Basque separatist group ETA declared a ceasefire Sunday in its bloody 42-year campaign for a homeland independent of Spain, vowing to give up guns and bombs to seek a democratic solution.
09 20 2009 ETA JPG One of the most stunning nebulae in the entire sky is Eta Carinae The nebula is larger than M42 the Great Nebula in Orion but is not visible from most northern latitudes
Caterina Caselli - Tu sei mio padre (1972)